1965, Toulouse University, LAW;
1973-1974, Special Advisor Cabinet of the President of Republic of France, Special Advisor; 1978-2007, Member of Parliament - Quaestor of the Parliament of France, Member of Parliament; 1995-1997, Minister of Overseas Development, Minister;
Politique sociale et participation, Le Rocher (éditions), 1999
Manifeste pour un gaullisme social, Le Rocher (éditions), 2002